My grandmother's house on Easter Sunday was a wonderful place to be. It always seemed to us, her grandchildren, that the world began over again on that day. There was a newness and freshness about everything, from the first moment we opened our eyes to see our crisp, starched petticoats laid out, until the day was over and we put our Easter bonnets away in tissue paper.
The ''nest'' is symbolic for the home or a place of safe keeping.
The details of her house and the way she lived in it are as clear today as they were 25 years ago. In all the years I have never found another home which seemed to emanate so many of the good things of life.
By Easter Sunday the spring house cleaning was finished. And in New England that means that it was so well done that the place looked newborn. Window panes glistened, brass and copper shone, floors and woodwork were spic and span. On top of all this summer "dust covers" crackling with starch had been placed on every upholstered piece of furniture. Cross-bar dimity and ruffled marquisette bristled at every window with a cleanliness which was invigorating whether the sun shone or not.
We arrived at the breakfast table in our Easter best. All of this had been laid out the night before, in perfect condition, for the start of church next day. Any one of us who had neglected to sew a button or mend a pocket on Saturday went to church unsewed and unmended, for grandmother's sewing basket went into the closet on Saturday evening and did not reappear until Monday for any emergency. The beautiful, well-planned order of it all is a happy memory after many years.
We left the house, properly shod, coated and hatted, begloved and behankied, with a wonderful sense of well being. The older ones carried the Bibles they had acquired on previous Easters, the middle-sized ones would get theirs today, and the tiny ones would come home with a brightly blooming geranium, which meant they hadn't missed Sunday school all season. We came back to the house to find it full of wonderful odors. Returning to this house was always a joy. It was a refuge and peaceful haven always.
On Easter afternoon, when grandmother had had her nap we all went for a walk. We called on the old ladies and gentlemen who were unable to get out in the sun for one reason or another. We brought sugar cookies which grandmother had made the day before, and tiny pots with three or four crocuses which she had started in the cellar months earlier. Year after year she went through the same rite. With 16 grandchildren it was never necessary that she make her Easter parade alone, for as the older ones became too self-conscious with this old-fashioned nonsense, the little ones were enchanted to be permitted to go.
This type of home, all the activities which went on in it and the good things which came from it, we now understand better than ever. Simple, unassuming and well ordered, based on the fundamental needs of ordinary people, it has come into its own once again. by Emily Post
From death, Christ on the Sabbath morn, A conqueror arose; And when each Sabbath dawn is born For death a healing grows. This day proclaims an ended strife, And Christ's benign and holy life.
By countless lips the wondrous tale Is told throughout the earth; Ye that have ears to hear, oh, hail That tale with sacred mirth! Awake, my soul, rise from the dead, See life's grand light around thee shed.
Death trembles each sweet Sabbath hour, Death's brother. Darkness, quakes; Christ's word speaks with divinest power, Christ's truth its silence breaks; They vanquish with their valiant breath The reign of darkness and of death.
Prize winner with his Easter basket on the White House lawn, 1923.
In the game they play at Washington, on the hills sloping from the White House, the child whose egg reaches the foot of the hill in an unbroken condition takes the one worsted in the journey down. Another game for two is played by knocking the eggs together ; each child holds an egg firmly in his hand so that only the small end is visible, and then the two eggs are struck against each other until one is cracked, when the victorious player adds it to his stock, or devours it on the spot. I would not like to state the number of eggs eaten on these occasions, but there is a boy (not a girl) who once consumed fourteen and lived to tell the tale.
Sometimes the egg which breaks another is called "the cock of one," and when it has broken two it is " cock of two," and so on. When an egg which is cock of one or more is broken, the number of trophies won by the victim is added to the score of the conquering egg and it becomes " cock of three " or more. Here is a game which comes from Germany, and al- though in that country it is played exclusively by boys, there is no reason why the girls should not participate in it as well. Two baskets are necessary for this game, one large and shallow filled with soft shavings, the other shallow also, but smaller, and filled with eggs. The plan of the game is that one player is to run a given distance, while another safely throws the eggs from one basket to the other, she who completes her task first being the winner. When the baskets are prepared, and the distance the eggs are to be thrown decided upon, the two contestants draw lots to determine who shall run and who shall throw. This settled, the player who throws takes the basket of eggs, and one after another quickly tosses them the length of the course and into the basket of shavings, which is placed on the ground at the end of the course opposite the thrower. In Germany this basket is held by an assistant, but anyone occupying that position might receive some severe blows from the hard eggs thrown by unpracticed hands, and it answers the purpose just as well to place the basket on the ground. Meantime the other player runs the distance (decided beforehand) to an appointed goal, marks it as a proof of having touched it, and should she succeed in returning before all the eggs are thrown, the victory and prize are her reward; otherwise they belong to the thrower.
The game finished, a prize is presented to the successful contestant. Should any of the eggs pitched by the thrower fail to light in the basket, they must be gathered up and thrown again before the runner returns, as the eggs must all be in the basket before the thrower wins the game.
"Bunching eggs " comes from Ireland, and is played in very much the same manner as the game played with a slate and pencil, and known to all children as " tit, tat, toe, three in a row." A pan or large dish filled with sand or sawdust is set upon a table, around which the children stand, each supplied with eggs; the eggs of each player must be all of one color, and unlike those of any other player. The object of the game is for each player to so place her eggs, standing them upright in the sand, or sawdust, as to bring five in a row touching each other.
In turn each player puts down an egg, sometimes filling out a row for herself, at others cutting off the line of an opponent; and the one who first succeeds in obtaining the desired row sings out--
"The raven, chough, and crow,
Say five in a row."
Another pretty game from Ireland called " Touch " is played in the following manner:
Six eggs of the different colors green, red, black, blue, white, and gold are placed in a row in the sand used for the other game. One of the players is blindfolded and given alight wand or stick, with which she must touch one of the eggs, while at the same time she recites these lines:
Peggy, Patrick, Mike, and Meg,
See me touch my Easter egg ;
Green, and red, and black, and blue,
Count for six, five, four, and two.
If I touch an egg of white,
A forfeit then will be your right ;
If I touch an egg of gold,
It is mine to have and hold.
As is told in the rhyme, the eggs each have a different value. Green counts six ; red, five ; black, four; and blue, two ; and the gold egg is worth more than all put together, for when a player touches that, she wins the game and a forfeit of. an egg from each of the other players. The white egg is worth less than nothing, since it not only has no value but whoever touches it with the wand must pay a forfeit.
Each player is in turn blindfolded and makes her trial, keeping account of the value of the eggs she has touched. When the sum of twenty has been reached by anyone the game is ended, without the aid of the gold egg. The position of the eggs are changed after each trial, that the person about to touch them may not know where it is best to place her wand.
Getting ready to roll eggs across the lawn I guess!
March and April in Washington spell for the adult the perfection of a climate which at its best no capital on earth can surpass. Color, fragrance, and an almost indefinable sense that the appropriate necessary mood is one of languid leisure are pervasive. The spring odors and flowers seem suddenly to flood the gardens and lawns. In the tiny six-by-two bed under a bay-window and in the stretches of living green by the river the daffodils have succeeded the crocus; hyacinths and flaring tulips fill the borders, and even the stems in the hedges are full of color. Over every tree there is a smoky veil where the swelling leaf-buds have blurred the winter tracery of bare twigs against the sky, but are not yet heavy enough to cast a shade.
Only the children seem energetic, especially on Easter Monday, the great day for Washington babies. Along Pennsylvania Avenue they stream‚ well dressed, nurse-attended darlings mingling with the raggedest little poor children that ever snatched an egg from a market-basket. The wide street looks as if baby-blossom time had come, for there are hundreds of children who on this special afternoon storm the grounds of the White House for their annual egg-rolling. Long ago the sport took place on the terraces below the Capitol, and a visitor to the city then wrote:
"At first the children sit sedately in long rows; each has brought a basket of gay-colored hard-boiled eggs, and those on the upper terrace send them rolling to the line on the next below, and these pass on the ribbon-like streams to other hundreds at the foot, who scramble for the hopping eggs and hurry panting to the top to start them down again. And as the sport warms those on top who have rolled all the eggs they brought finally roll themselves, shrieking with laughter. Now comes a swirl of curls and ribbons and furbelows, somebody's dainty maid indifferent to bumps and grass stains. A set of boys who started in a line of six with joined hands are trying to come down in somersaults without breaking the chain. On all sides the older folk stand by to watch the games of this infant Carnival which comes to an end only when the children are forced away by fatigue to the point of exhaustion, or by parental order."
When the games proved too hard a test for the grass on the Capitol terraces. Congress stopped the practice, and the President opened the slope back of the White House. No grown person is admitted unless accompanied by a child, but even under this restriction the annual crowd is great enough to threaten the survival of the event.
This film of babies tossing eggs for Easter was made
Decorated crepe paper tulip cup cake holders and tulip favors may be happily arranged on this spring table trimmed for Easter. Yellow tulips are cut out and appliqued on the circular paper cover; the tulip border is combined with plain yellow paper for the runner and again appears in the hanging dome decoration. Fringe cut and then scalloped hangs between the border pieces on the chandelier decoration, and narrow streamers extend from it to the sides of the room.
A flower pot covered with two different colors of crepe, (stripes)
and filled with paper tulips in which favors are attached,
makes this little display unique. These little coordinating
accessories: potted tulip place holder and cup cake holders
complete the theme.
The giving of eggs at Easter, or the spring festival, is one of the most widely-known, as it is also one of the oldest, of the customs associated with spring. From the remotest times the egg has stood to the Eastern nations as the symbol of the universe, and its breaking at that time as represented the opening of the new life of the year. the usage of interchanging eggs during the spring season has been referred by some writers for its origin to the egg games of the Romans, which they celebrated at the time of our Easter, when they ran races in an egg-shaped ring and the victor received eggs as his prize. The Israelites used eggs in their feast of the Passover long before the coming of Christ. In Persia colored eggs are presented at the celebration of the solar new year, and extremely ancient custom with this people.
But to Christians the egg stands as the universal symbol of the Resurrection. There is a tradition that in Christian countries many hundreds of years ago the Church prohibited the use of eggs during the forty days of Lent, but as the heretical hen did not cease to lay a large quantity of eggs were found to have accumulated at the end of the period of abstinence. These were usually given to the children and in order to render them more attractive they were dyed with bright colors or otherwise ornamented.
A favorite game was to knock two eggs together, and whichever broke became the property of him who held the other. Of course, this would not profit the winner much if the eggs were in a fluid state, and out of this dilemma arose the custom of boiling them hard. In English folk traditions, the game is known as "shackling", "jarping" or "dumping." As with any other game, it has been a subject of cheating; eggs with cement core, alabaster, and even marble eggs have been reported.
Egg rolling, or an Easter egg roll is a traditional game played with eggs at Easter. Different nations have different versions of the game, usually played with hard-boiled, decorated eggs.
The pre-Christian Saxons had a spring goddess eostre, whose feast was held on the Vernal Equinox, around 21 March. Her animal was the spring hare, and the rebirth of the land in spring was symbolized by the egg. Pope Gregory the Great ordered his missionaries to use old religious sites and festivals and absorb them into Christian rituals where possible. The Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ was ideally suited to be merged with the Pagan feast of eostre and many of the traditions were adopted into the Christian festivities. In England, Germany and other countries children traditionally rolled eggs down hillsides at Easter this may have become symbolic of the rolling away of the rock from Jesus Christ’s tomb before his resurrection. This tradition, along with others such as the Easter Bunny, were taken to the New World by European settlers.
Eastern roll eggs in the White House South lawn in 1929.
Easter egg hunt in Wuxi, Jiangsu (1934)
Egg hunt is a game during which decorated eggs, real hard-boiled ones or artificial, filled with or made of chocolate candies, of various sizes, are hidden in various places for children to find. The game may be both indoors and outdoors.
When the hunt is over, prizes may be given out for various achievements, such as the largest number of eggs collected, for the largest or smallest egg, for the most eggs of a specific color, consolation prizes, booby prizes, etc.
Eggs are placed with varying degree of concealment, to accommodate children of varying ages. In South German folk traditions it was customary to add extra obstacles to the game by placing them into hard-to reach places among nettles or thorns.
It is the custom in most German families on Easter-eve to place candies and eggs in a nest and then conceal it in their homes or in their gardens in order for the children, who often rise at the break of day on Easter morning to delight in seeking the sweet treasures. The older boys and girls join in a similar egg hunt game, which of course, has its superstitions for lovers. There is a rhyme that accompanies this "lovers" egg hunt:
Draw the egg of violet hue,
Means friends fond and true.
Pink will bring you luck,
A lover full of pluck.
Gladly take the egg of green,
Good fortune soon will be seen.
Wealth and happiness with the egg of gray,
Keep it and hide it safely away.
The egg of blue
Means lovers few.
Do not touch the egg of red:
If you do you'll never wed.
A lover this very night,
If you draw the egg of white.
You'll marry in another town.
If you choose the egg of brown.
There were a variety of egg dances. In one version eggs are laid on the ground or floor and the goal is to dance among them damaging as few as possible and in a second version the goal was to roll an egg out of a bowl while keeping within a circle drawn by chalk and then flip the bowl to cover the egg. This had to be done with the feet without touching the other objects placed on the floor.
A little while ago I made a row of little chaps (masculine chaps), the future "great," in all stages of wear and tear, lovable, and beloved I know, freckled and smooth and rough and clear (all good stuff, and to a woman's heart, cuddleable!) So come along a letter, a very dear letter, from a woman person, and says she: "Please, are there no little women-children who will one day be great also? You know better, so please don't leave them out."
So here they are---woman's, woman! All in a row for you. And surely there are great among them. These little chaps (feminine). Little girls are dainty--so I cannot show you the grubby knees of them, the scratches and mars and bruises, the poverty, as I could on the little boys. But it's there most surely!
Who could believe that crop-headed, boyish Sara, with the squint and the Teddy-bear, will discover more magic in the scientific world some day--something that will set the world by the two pricked ears! Barbara, with the steadfast gray eyes and the "er-plain face," who speaks at the Explorers club on the far places she has gypsied through, was once this little beauty with the pale brown curls, the blue baby-ribbon wound in them, and the frothy dress. Then she was a professional beauty! Julie, with the stockings that were knit to last, the old-fashioned apron, and the hair ribbon faded and glossed with the washings and ironings that have been its lof--Julia, with the gallent little smile--any one might dream here is a great comedienne! Cissy, with the boyish hair and socks, scuffed shoes and ravaged knees, all boy save her heart--becomes a great mother. And there are famous mothers--many.
The mother of a great suffragette and orator, a woman with a silver tongue and voice of gold, brings out her baby picture. And lo! It's a bit of a girl with a blue slip, soft hands, soft face and demure, long soft, brown curls! Just a baby girl named Dorothy Jane!
Here is Joan. Fat and smiling, dimpled and golden, clutching a flower with all her soul. A "snap"--the sun in her eyes and her hair ablow. The material in her slip is cheap and not new. But the light in her eyes is rich and alive to sound. And one day you will pay joyously your five or ten or twenty round dollars to hear her sing! And you will sit wrapped in a magic cloak, drowned in the diamond stream of her voice. And your eyes will ache with tears and your heart beat glad and sad. Just the same Joan wore blue-print and did it not cost very much!
And Mary, the dreamer, with the slow, soft eyes and always the best love for her violet frock, the little girl with a lonely way with her, who saw the sunset in the heaven before she did the toy at her feet--a little chaser of hoops and obscure fancies--perhaps she'll paint and write and give great dreams to the world from the head under her thatch of fine dark hair. Who knows!
Look into the eyes and heart of your little daughter--and wonder and reverence and be afraid. For something looks back at you of greatness and splendor! And if you will search and help--you may sense the dim glost-glow of Fame's halo 'bove her hair. by Nell Brinkley
Music video by Jon McLaughlin performing Beautiful Disaster. (C) 2007 The Island Def Jam Music Group
Faces flanking Bulf's are grade-A eggheads and cream of clowntown--each is the face of a real clown. The wigs go on last as Bult finishes a head from a sketch on the far right. Never a clown himself, Bult used to be a professional magician.
The drollest collection of painted eggs in the world probably belongs
to Stan Bult, curator of a London museum. Bult’s hobby is living
part-time in the world of circus clowns—a habit he got into as a boy
when a troupe of friendly clowns lived next door. The faces he paints on
his eggs are authentic copies of those belonging to members of the
International Circus Clown Club. As secretary of the European division
of the club Bult keeps a file of faces so that clowns can avoid copying
each other. Each clown’s make-up is his professional, jealously guarded
property.
Apparently, during WWI, German prisoners were easier to pacify than during WWII. These pictures of their craft activities were taken whilst they passed the time in a French prisoner camp.
PASSING THE IDLE HOURS German captives
in France, in order to puncture the deadly monotony, spend their time
making toys out of egg shells, paper, and bread crusts, for the peasant
children.
THREE EXAMPLES OF OVO-ART On the left we have a Russian soldier
ogling a bottle of vodka—the label on this bottle had to be translated
twice in order to appear in English. On the right is the brother-in-law
of Lewis Carroll’s March Hare.
GERMAN SOLDIER AND FRENCH PIG The censor has interfered with the
explanation; we can only guess whether the artist would have called this
pleasant scene “Pals” as a satire upon his living condition, or merely
“The Commissary’s Delight”.
GERMAN SOLDIER WITH FRENCH CAPTIVE
BRITISH WARSHIPS BEWARE! This fiend of the seas is constructed of eggs, ink, paper, slue, and similar deadly materials.
GENERAL JOFFRE, SIR EDWARD GREY (Note the horns), CZAR NICHOLAS
May's a jolly month, fresh out of her skins and winter burrow; she means primroses and woolly lambs and the end of misty rains; blue scrubbed skies with cottony clouds floating over, the far-coming of the pop-corn man; she's the wild maid in the story who burns winter's thongs away from your wrists and lets you out into the sun again when you thought you'd die in darkness and cold, an yet when she goes we don't cry! That's because a lovelier lady follows--June. When Maytime slips out of our gate, looking back over her delicate shoulders, her primrose garments fluttering their last until another year; in at the same gate, brushing her very robe, golden and warmly scented and loaded with flowers, against pale May, comes June--singing, snapping her fingers, more tender of sky and air, mocking, bringing warm waters for the body that would a-swimming go, merry of eye, rich in color, May's lovelier sister.
May promises things and gives us a peek at them--but June comes with a magic sack and an open palm.
So that is why we dance May in and out again, and laugh at her farewell fete! by Nell Brinkley.
I have cleaned this lovely cartoon butterfly girl by illustrator, Nell Brinkley. Brinkley has long since flown from the earth but her work is still just as endearing. If you'd like to see more of it, I could include a category here at this blog of her work only. She really was quite a popular artist in the early 20th Century. What do you think?
Nell Brinkley Says:
Butterflies go with the ending of Summer ---butterfly girls go with the ending of the gay night that is their lives. Butterflies grow rare and at last do not flicker gold anywhere, when the sumac turns scarlet and the aspen on the far hills changes into little golden coins; butterfly girls vanish and are no more dimples and sparkle and laughter when there is no more fun to have, when the lights are out and real work comes. But I love a golden butterfly in the sun; and who doesn't joy to watch the butterfly girl dance her way through the sober faces and the earnest!
Somebody said, " A butterfly lives but a day-- and what if that day is rainy!" So, little butterfly girl whose day is so short, may it be sunny and clear.
The following article is from the Ogden Standard, Ogden City, Utah. It was published on March 23, 1918.
Easter toys and candy carts from 1910 - 1920
War Time Favors Include Plenty of Easter Chicks
Like good old Santa Claus, the Easter rabbit and the Easter chick admit a Teutonic origin, but one is sure that they --like the beloved folk of fairy lore ---have abandoned the land of their birth for a kindlier environment and will never more return.
At any rate children, the world over, will never let them go back. They are world-traditions now and may claim no special country. They belong to the realm of childhood and if grown-ups choose to get pleasure out of them, it is a vicarious pleasure at best and not to be compared with childhood's ecstasy. Watch any little boy or girl in front of a confectioner's window where enchanting bunnies and downy Easter chicks are displayed and you will have no doubt of the matter.
There seems to be just as many rabbits and chicks as ever this year, white rabbits and gray rabbits and pretty brown and white fellows with pink bows standing up behind their pink-lined ears. The white cats are are fascinating too and are only less downy and soft then the baby chicks --some of them live chicks that scurry about in lively fashion. The little people love these bunnies and chicks mush better than the ambitious Easter favors, ribbon decked and candy filled, which please grown-up sister; and the modern child with an Easter brim-full of joy in bunny and chick gifts, misses not at all the excitement of making Easter eggs that little folks of a generation ago found so thrilling and so satisfying.
Scraps of colored prints and calico used to be hoarded long before Easter time in preparation for the egg-coloring fun. The eggs were tied up in the gay colored cloths and boiled until hard. Then with their parti-colored shells and edible, hard-boiled interiors, they were piled on the breakfast table Easter morning. This is not one of the good old economical fashions to be bemoaned in later, more extravagant times; for dairy eggs served in such profusion, no matter how their shells were disguised with printed calico, would be a very very extravagant breakfast dish just now, and would doubtless cost more then a supply of bunnies and feathered chicks to go all 'round.
Quite appropriate and Hoover-ish for this war-time Easter are favors representing one of the excellent vegetables recommended in a conservation diet. Corn is also a patriotic food, since it saves wheat flour; and an attractive Easter favor of this year respresenting an ear of corn and a feathered chick is pictured. Beside is is a cunning white Easter bunny with pinks ears, popping out of a top hat in suggestive magican manner. But it you lift the bunny out of the hat, you will find a store of candy.
For a table center at Easter season is the pretty dove cote "Jack Horner." The tissue-wrapped gifts are hidden in the dove cote and each dove, perching on a bracket before a crepe paper covered window, has attached to his feet a long ribbon. When the doves are jostled from their perches their weight drags the gift tied to the other end of the ribbon through the crepe paper pasted across the window. The dove cote is one of the interesting crepe paper novelties, of which there are many new sorts this year. Pasteboard covered with crepe paper was used for the little house and the standard is of wood also covered with crepe paper, leaves and vines of crepe paper clamor over the dove cote and in the paper grass at its foot nestle two natural looking barnyard friends, a rabbit and a rooster. Another Hoover suggestion you see; for the injunction now is to eat roast, fried and fricasseed rooster in preference to hens which must be saved and coaxed to lay eggs for the Allies.
Still another crepe paper novelty is pictured in the aeroplane which is quite a gem of its kind. Even the propeller is evident in this nicely balanced craft which is equipped with a formidable amount of ammunition in the way of "bombs" each "bomb" an Easter egg filled with candy. the intrepid pilot sits at the wheel, clad in a saucy uniform of checked silk gingham. Who would ever guess that the long, low rakish body of his craft is filled to the brim with gifts, each attached to a ribbon? When you seize one of the booms--the aeroplane being suspended from the chandelier over the supper table-- you pull the gift attached to your particular ribbon through the crepe paper cover of the airplane's body.
Very naturally, there is a war-time flavor in many of this year's Easter Novelties. Besides airplanes and observation planes, there are various sorts of artillery, even the cumbersome British tank being represented in a structure of pasteboard and crepe paper. And there are fighting men too. There are the useful favors too--practical gifts that may be tied up in tissue and white or daffodil ribbon and tucked into Easter Jack Horners. Of course, there is a war-time flavor to these also. The boy back home from camp for the Easter week-end will receive a sowing kit or some leather-bound contrivance for photographs, writing materials or the like: or his favor may be a pair of woolen socks, knitted by friendly feminine hands. Field glasses are valuable gifts and no soldier or sailor objects to receiving a well-used pair, in such demand are these glasses just now. For feminine guests there are jeweled service flags, photograph frames, lockets that will hold a picture of the special hero at the front, and of course, all sorts of knitting belongings--reticules, needle cases, bracelet wool holders and so on.
Bunnies should use caution when prepping their eggs.
The
Easter egg and that ubiquitous little Easter hare that defies all the natural
laws governing mammals are well known to childish fancy. What child has not
discovered on Easter morning a whole basket of beautiful pasque eggs and just
missed the sight of the little Easter hare that laid them? He is almost as
familiar a household personage as Santa Claus. Long hours have the children
watched in the woods for him, only to go home and find they have just missed
his visit there, and there are those beautiful eggs he left behind, in pink,
pale blue, yellow and all the colors of the rainbow, some of them
parti-colored, some painted with roses and some tied with ribbons. Of late
years this enterprising little animal has gone far as to leave china eggs
filled with bonbons, and that he leaves them there is no more doubt than that
Santa Claus comes down the chimney on Christmas Eve, and who is so disloyal as
to doubt that?
There
are various ways of preparing Easter eggs that give so much delight to little
ones. The most elaborately decorated eggs should be emptied and washed of their
contents before they are prepared. This is the most economical as well as the
most satisfactory way to do: Pierce a small hole through each end, blow out the
contents, wash the shells and leave them for several days to dry. Some eggs
shells may be gilded, some silvered and some painted in oils. Simple gifts such
as are suitable at Easter time may be conceded under these eggs.
Plain
boiled eggs, such as are served on the Easter breakfast table, may be easily
dyed with vegetable dyes, which can be procured at caterers or dealers in
confectioner’s supplies. It is not in good taste to make these eggs eaten at
the breakfast table especially elaborate. The elaborate eggs are those which
are supposed to be found incidentally after breakfast, on Easter morning, and
are for the amusement of small children. A dish of pale green, white and yellow
eggs at one end of the table or robin’s egg blue and pale yellow and white at
the other end gives the breakfast table a festive appearance. It is easy enough
to prepare a few eggs in each of these colors to obtain this effect. It is a little
difficult to get a good green in eggs. Owning to the quantity of lime in the
shells all eggs do not take this natural green color as some others will, and
it is better to color eggs a simply as possible than to use any powerful dyes
when eating them later.
It
is possible to decorate more ornamental eggs of which the contents have been
blown out. Eggs may be prepared weeks before Easter and may be hidden away
until the eventful morning. These simple eggshells when decorated in natural
colors using roses or forget-me-nots and each strung on a fancy ribbon will
last a long time, if taken care of.
The eggs of nearly all ordinary birds, from the gigantic ostrich, whose
shell is firm enough to be set in silver, to the smallest bantam, where at one
time represented in many shops at Easter time. These were decorated, to hold
various kinds of candies or for ornamental purposes. You will net to be
diligent to find decorative eggs like these in antique shops or vintage resale
in time for Easter if you live in the United States, for it is nearly impossible to find these mouth-blown, decorated eggs for sale. When my children were young, there was a chocolate shop down the street that sold these but that was highly unusual.
Tenebrae (Latin for 'shadows' or 'darkness') is a Christian religious service celebrated by the Western Church on the evening before or early morning of Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, and Holy Saturday, which are the last three days of Holy Week. The distinctive ceremony of Tenebrae is the gradual extinguishing of candles while a series of readings and psalms is chanted or recited. In the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church the Tenebrae readings and psalms are those of Matins and Lauds. The Polish National Catholic Church and some churches within the Anglican Communion also observe Tenebrae. The tenebrae service is also used in various Holy Week services among Protestant churches such as Lutheranism, as well as among some denominations of Orthodoxy.
"The Lamb" (John Tavener) Tenebrae Choir. Nigel Short, director. Supported by Swiss Global Artistic Foundation
In the Roman Catholic Church, Tenebrae is the name given to the celebration, with special ceremonies, of Matins and Lauds, the first two hours of the Divine Office, of the last three days of Holy Week.
Originally celebrated after midnight, by the late Middle Ages their
celebration was anticipated on the afternoon or evening of the preceding
day in most places.
Fifteen candles on tenebrae
"hearse". The candles are extin-
guished one by one during the
course of the service.
The structure of Tenebrae is the same for all three days. The first
part of the service is Matins, which in its pre-1970 form is composed of
three nocturns, each consisting of three psalms, a short versicle and response, a silent Pater Noster,
and three readings, each followed by a responsory. Pre-1970 Lauds
consists of five psalms, a short versicle and response, and the Benedictus Gospel canticle, followed by Christus factus est, a silent Pater Noster, a devotional recitation of Psalm 50 (51), Miserere, and the appointed collect.
The principal Tenebrae ceremony is the gradual extinguishing of candles upon a stand in the sanctuary called a hearse.
Eventually the Roman Rite settled on fifteen candles, one of which is
extinguished after each of the nine psalms of Matins and the five of
Lauds, gradually reducing the lighting throughout the service. The six
altar candles are put out during the Benedictus, and then any remaining
lights in the church. The last candle is hidden beneath the altar,
ending the service in total darkness. The strepitus (Latin for "great noise"), made by slamming a book shut, banging a hymnal or breviary
against the pew, or stomping on the floor, symbolizes the earthquake
that followed Christ's death, although it may have originated as a
simple signal to depart.
Following the great noise, the candle which had been hidden from view
is returned to the top of the hearse, signifying the return of Christ to
the world with the Resurrection, and all depart in silence.
Sir Colin Davis conducts the London Symphony Orchestra, Susan Gritton, Sara Mingardo, Mark Padmore, Alastair Miles and the Tenebrae choir
performing Handel's Messiah. Recorded in December 2006.
The lessons of the first nocturn at Matins are taken from the Book of Lamentations and are sung to a specific Gregorian reciting tone. They have also been set to music by many composers, of whom the most famous are Palestrina, Tallis, Lassus, Marc-Antoine Charpentier, François Couperin, Ernst Krenek (Lamentatio Jeremiae prophetae, op. 93) and Stravinsky (Threni). In addition, the responsories have been set by Lassus, Gesualdo, Victoria and Jan Dismas Zelenka.
The lessons of the second nocturn are taken from the writings of St. Augustine, and the lessons of the third nocturn from the epistles of Paul the Apostle. These are chanted to the ordinary lesson tone and have been relatively neglected by composers, though there are a few settings by Manuel Cardoso and sets of responsories by Orlando di Lasso and Marc-Antoine Charpentier.
The High-Renaissance polyphonic choral settings of Lamentations at
Tenebrae, culminating in those of Lassus (1584), share the same texts
with, but in musical idiom are to be distinguished from, the French
Baroque chamber-music genre of Leçons de ténèbres.
The celebration of Matins and Lauds of these days in the form
referred to as Tenebrae in churches with a sufficient number of clergy
was universal in the Roman Rite until the reform of the Holy Week ceremonies by Pope Pius XII in 1955. At that time, the Easter Vigil
was restored as a night office, moving that Easter liturgy from Holy
Saturday morning to the following night; the principal liturgies of Holy Thursday and Good Friday
were likewise moved from morning to afternoon or evening, and thus
Matins and Lauds were no longer allowed to be anticipated on the
preceding evening, except for the Matins and Lauds of Holy Thursday in
the case of cathedral churches in which the Mass of the Chrism was held
on Holy Thursday morning. The 1960 Code of Rubrics,
which is incorporated in the 1962 typical edition of the Roman
Breviary, did not allow any anticipation of Lauds, though Matins can
still be anticipated to the day before, later than the hour of Vespers. Even at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
in Jerusalem, where the need to observe a timetable that did not
disturb the established rights of other churches forced the timetable of
Roman Catholic Holy Week services to remain unchanged, the Office of
Tenebrae was abandoned in 1977.
But the special rubrics of Tenebrae that once accompanied the
celebration of Matins and Lauds, including the ceremony of extinguishing
the candles on the hearse, are now sometimes applied to other
celebrations, even if these do not consist of a nine-psalm Matins and a
five-psalm Lauds.
The 1970 revision of the Roman Breviary, now called the Liturgy of the Hours,
recommends public celebration of the Office of Readings (Matins) and
Morning Prayer (Lauds) - what was formerly called "Tenebrae" - for Good Friday and Holy Saturday,
Unlike its older form in the Divine Office, the newer form of the
Office of Readings and Morning Prayer on these days has no distinctive
structure, and there is no extinguishing of candles or lights. The
Office of Readings and Morning Prayer is shorter than in the older form,
although there is provision for extending the Office of Readings for
more solemn occasions.
Nevertheless, when the Office of Readings and Morning Prayer is
celebrated on these days, some elements of the older form of these
offices are often used.
Summorum Pontificum
(2007) permits clerics bound to the recitation of the Divine Office to
use the 1962 Roman Breviary, a permission availed of by several
religious and secular institutes and societies of apostolic life; but
the 1955 and 1960 changes exclude the anticipation of Matins and Lauds
to the previous evening, whether celebrated with or without the Tenebrae
ceremonies. However, some places hold something similar to the original
Tenebrae celebration as an extra-liturgical, devotional service. The
content, ceremony, and time of this celebration vary widely.
The front cover of a Lutheran church
bulletin for Good Friday, describing the
significance, as well as the summary
of components, of a typical tenebrae
service.
The name Tenebrae is also given to various other Holy Week services held by some Protestant churches including the Lutheran, United Methodist, United Church of Christ and Presbyterian churches. Variations of Tenebrae are sometimes celebrated in less formal or non-denominational churches as well. Protestant versions of Tenebrae service, particularly on Maundy Thursday or Good Friday, often contain readings from the gospels which describe the time between the Last Supper and the Passion of Christ.
Another frequent element in Protestant Tenebrae services is the
inclusion of the last seven sayings of Jesus, assembled from the various
gospel accounts.
Some churches have the people who read scripture snuff out candles
and/or drape black cloth over church furnishings and ornamentation when
they finish their passage to represent the flight of the disciples and the approach of the dark hate of Jesus' enemies and the Passion of Christ. When the last passage has been read the church or room is completely dark and recalls the days when Jesus was in the tomb.
When this is the case, someone such as an acolyte often comes forward
and relights a single candle to represent the hope of the prophecy of Easter.
Another alternative is the service above interwoven in a Last Supper with lamb meat, bitter herbs, and other elements of the Jewish Passover commemoration.
Sometimes Protestant Tenebrae services involve the participants receiving Communion.
When this is the case, some churches have the participants come up
front and sit at a table in groups of twelve to receive communion.
Some Churches of the Anglican communion celebrate Tenebrae with the same rite as Roman Catholics. Anglicans, including the Episcopal Church,
usually observe the service on Wednesday in Holy Week, thereby
preserving the importance of the Maundy Thursday and Good Friday
observances.
I found this tiny article for the making of an Easter basket for an infant in a newspaper from 1894.The idea is sweet, however, some of you may wish to update it a bit. Apparently, you can still purchase violet powder from The Williamsburg Marketplace.
A Charming Little Gift Which Unites Utility and Beauty.
This is a delightful gift to the little one, combining as it does utility and beauty. Take a small basket and gild it. Make small rosettes of pink or blue baby ribbon and sew them around the edge and over the handle as shows.
Fill the basket with white swan's-down cotton and place the prepared eggs, one on either side.
To prepare the eggs make small holes in the ends and expel the contents by blowing. When empty and dry fill with violet powder. Cover the ends with perforated white court-plaster. pasted on neatly, making the perforations with a shoe-punch.
A powder puff tied to the handle adds to the effectiveness. The powder can be dusted on the tender flesh from the egg and "smoothed down" by means of the puff.
Easter Table Decorations, 1901 from the New York Daily Tribune.
For table decorations at an Easter luncheon the favored combination is green and white, and originality of design and arrangement is not inexhaustible by any means.
The china doves, which are pictured, are one of the novelties of this season, and the many ways of utilizing them in table decoration are particularly effective. One modes is to arrange green satin ribbon across the table, from corner to corner, in the centre of which is a large nest filled with ferns and Easter eggs. The doves, holding lilies of the valley and greenery, are grouped about as one's fancy may dictate, and to add to the effect flights of doves, also filled with the flowers, may be attached to the chandelier or ceiling, each flight being connected by narrow green and white ribbons tied around their necks.
Original photo of china doves filled with ferns
and lilies of the valley that accompanied this article.
If a brighter effect is desired the gay toned spring flowers should be used-jonquils, tulips, daffodils, crocuses, primroses, hyancinths or cyclamens--arranged in simple but artistic fashion.
An ingenious hostess of this city is planning to give an Easter Monday luncheon to six of her women friends. An ornamental box will be presented to each guest when she enters the dining room. Every box will contain a leghorn hat, which the recipient is requested to wear throughout the luncheon. The hats are to be trimmed with natural flowers (no two alike), with ribbon garnitures in corresponding colors. One hat will show bunches of violets, with green foliage and violet ribbon: another will have trimmings of lilies of the valley, mignoette and green ribbon: a third, La France roses and pink ribbon: and the remaining hats will have garnitures fo daffodils and yellow ribbon for one, moss rosebuds for the second, and red carnations intermingled with black velvet for the third.
This elegantly carved wooden swan is by Jack Hughs, JRH, 1985.
A view from the top of the swan; its simplicity is lovely.
This swan may appear as an interesting center piece for
my Easter dinner table this year.
My mother-in-law acquired it on one of her many
antique hunting trips. Although it is not an antique,
it will certainly be worthy of becoming one
someday. I love antiques, but, I appreciate beautiful
artworks even more.
She looks as though she wishes to tell us a secret, doesn't she?
How to make a 3-D origami swan center piece for your Easter table: start this project early, folks.
Holy Week in Mexico is important religious observance as well as important vacation period. It is preceded by several observances such as Lent and Carnival, as well as an observance of a day dedicated to the Virgin of the Sorrows, as well as a mass marking the abandonment of Jesus by the disciples. Holy Week proper begins on Palm Sunday,
with the palms used on this day often woven into intricate designs. In
many places processions, masses and other observances can happen all
week, but are most common on Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday, with just about every community marking the crucifixion of Jesus in some way on Good Friday. Holy Saturday is marked by the Burning of Judas,
especially in the center and south of the country, with Easter Sunday
usually marked by a mass as well as the ringing of church bells.
Mexico’s Holy Week traditions are mostly based on those from Spain,
brought over with the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire,
but observances have developed variations in different parts of the
country due to the evangelization process in the colonial period and
indigenous influences. Several locations have notable observances
related to Holy Week including Iztapalapa in Mexico City, Taxco, San Miguel de Allende and San Luis Potosí.
Palm Sunday procession of Trique people
n Santo Domingo, Oaxaca
Holy Week is one of the most widely celebrated and important religious observances in Mexico.
Almost all towns and cities in the country have some kind of public
observance during a two-week period that starts from Palm Sunday at
least to Easter Sunday and can extend into the week after. Mexican television
features movies, documentaries and other shows focused on the religious
event and other topics related to the Catholic faith, especially in
Latin America. The U.S. traditions surrounding Easter have made very little inroads in Mexico, with icons such as the Easter Bunny and events such as Easter egg hunts limited to supermarkets and areas right along the border with the United States. Like most Mexican Catholic traditions, those related to Holy Week and Easter are based on the Spanish Catholic calendar. Holy Week is preceded by Lent and Ash Wednesday, which itself is preceded by Carnival .
However, a number of traditions and customs have developed over the
centuries. As most Holy Week related events occur outside and in large
gatherings, “antojitos” (roughly translated as Mexican street food or snacks)
is the most associated with the holiday. Prior to Easter Sunday, Lenten
dietary rules are still in effect for the observant, so popular street
foods include pambazos
with cheese, fried fish, fried plantains, hot cakes/pancakes with
various toppings. Candies are a popular street food at this time,
especially traditional and regional ones made from coconut, tamarind
and various fruits. Holy Week was also the traditional start of the ice
cream and flavored ice season, which was originally made in Mexico City
with ice and snow brought down from the Popocatepetl
volcano. Ice cream fairs are still held at this time. Today’s frozen
treats include ice cream in tubs, as well as popsicles made from both
fruit and cream, as well as snow cones called “raspados.” Another popular refreshment is called “aguas frescas” or sugared drinks made from fruit or other natural flavorings such as tamarind or hibiscus
flowers. The reason for the popularity of both frozen desserts and
flavored drinks is that spring to early summer is generally the warmest
part of the year in Mexico.
Just before Holy Week proper, there are two events celebrated in
various parts of the country. The first is the feast of the Virgin of
Sorrows (Virgen de los Dolores). This occurs the Friday before Good
Friday and focuses on the pain and sacrifice of Mary knowing that Jesus
had to die to save mankind. This image of the Virgin is usually dressed
in purple and altars are set up to her on this day.
On the Wednesday before Easter, a mass called the “vespers of darkness”
(los matines de la tinieblas) recalls the disciples’ abandonment of
Jesus. The altar of the church will have a candelabra with fifteen candles, with one candle extinguished after the singing of a Psalm until only the center candle, representing Jesus, remains lit.
Procession with crosses at the
La Cuevita church in Iztapalapa
Holy Week begins on Palm Sunday, and many communities have special
masses dedicated to the blessing of palm fronds. These fronds are often
woven into crosses and other designs, sometimes quite intricate and
brought by parishioners to have holy water sprinkled on them. Some
fronds are later burned and the ashes saved for marking foreheads on the
following Ash Wednesday. Maundy Thursday is the beginning of the
celebration of Easter proper. Cathedrals in the country have special
masses celebrated by bishops, with “chrism” a sacred oil used in the sacraments, is consecrated. Many churches also hold reenactments of the Last Supper, but Masses usually omit the exchanges of greeting of peace as a reminder of Judas’ betrayal of Jesus. From this day through Holy Saturday, church bells are traditionally not rung.
Reenactments of the day of crucifixion take place in almost all
communities in Mexico on Good Friday and for a number these traditions
extends to a passion play enacted most or all of Holy Week. The focus of
these reenactments focus on the carrying of the cross by Jesus and his
crucifixion as told by the Stations of the Cross. In major productions, hundreds of people participate including the entrance of Jesus into Jerusalem, the Last Supper, the Betrayal, the Judgment, the procession with the cross, the Crucifixion up to the Resurrection .
Holy Saturday is dedicated to vigil as the waiting time between
Jesus’ death and resurrection. Statues of the Virgin Mary are dressed in
black as a symbol of mourning.
Frequently there is a solemn evening mass during which participants
hold lighted candles. This is then followed by an event called the
Burning of Judas mostly practiced in central and southern Mexico Originally, it was the burning in effigy of the disciple that betrayed Jesus, a custom introduced to Mexico as part of the evangelization process. During the Mexican Inquisition,
effigies were also burnt to mock and protest the burning of people at
the stake. These effigies were banned but the idea of protest was
transferred to the Judas figures. The Burning of Judas continues in
other places but it has been banned in Mexico City because of safety and
pollution concerns. The figures are still made in the city but many are
now collector’s items.
Palm Sunday observance at a school
Easter Sunday is celebrated with mass which is usually crowded.
Church bells will again ring and the plazas around the churches after
Mass will be crowded with churchgoers as well as street vendors selling
food, toys, balloons and more.
In many areas, processions, masses and other activities extend for another week.
Mexico’s Holy Week traditions are based on Spanish ones brought over
during the Conquest, along with those created during the evangelization
process with some indigenous influence. This has resulted in variations
in the celebrations in various regions and towns. A number of these variations have become well known, such as those in Taxco, San Luis Potosí, San Miguel de Allende, Ajijic, and Iztapalapa in Mexico City. Other communities with notable celebrations include Pátzcuaro, Tzintzuntzan, Querétero, Huajicori, Mesa de Nayar, Creel, Cusarare (Chihuahua), San Ignacio Arareco (Chihuahua), Jerez, Atlixco, Temascalcingo, San Juan Chamula and Zinacantán.
The most famous passion play in Mexico is held in Iztapalapa in the
east of Mexico City. This production involves over 4000 local residents
(all of which are born in Iztapalapa) which perform scenes related to
the last week of Jesus’s life from Palm Sunday to Good Friday. The
production has been done each year since 1843 and today the spectacle
attracts over 2 million spectators, mostly Mexican. The play is not a
strictly Biblical production as there are a number of characters such as
a spy, a dog, a “wandering Jew” and others that are unique to this
event. When Christ is captured, Aztec drums and flutes are played. Pontius Pilate sentences Jesus on the town of Iztapalapa’s main square then whipped. He then carries a cross from this square to the Cerro de la Estrella
on a route over mile long through eight of the borough’s oldest
neighborhoods. The most important event is the procession with the cross
and the crucifixion scene portrayed on Cerro de la Estrella. Many
others called “Nazarenes” follow, carrying their own crosses and wearing
real crowns of thorns like Jesus. The play ends with Judas hanging
himself after the crucifixion.
Participant dressed as a Roman soldier
for the Iztapalapa passion play
Another important and unique commemoration of Holy Week occurs in Taxco in the state of Guerrero.
It begins on Palm Sunday, with a large wooden statue of Christ
traveling on a donkey from the town of Tehuilotepec about four miles to
the center of Taxco. The image is preceded in its entrance to Taxco by
children on bicycles and residents portraying the Twelve Apostles
as well as drummer. Processions continue all week, led by very young
children dressed as angels, immediately followed by older girls dressed
in white with white veils, walking barefoot and swinging incense burners
containing copal. In these processions, Biblical figures related to the
Passion of Christ
are represented by wooden statues from the town and surrounding
villages, carried on litters, accompanied by musical instruments playing
melodies with pre Hispanic influence. The most notable aspect of these
processions are the penitents
who inflict pain and suffering on themselves during the processions.
While these displays have moderated or disappeared in other parts of
Mexico, they remain severe in Taxco. Penitents form into three
brotherhoods called the Animas or Bent Ones, the Encruzados (the
Crossed) and the Flagelantes (Flagellants). All wear black robes, a
horsehair belt and a hood to hide their identity. The Animas walk in
procession bent at the waist, never straightening, carrying relics,
crosses or candles. This is the only brotherhood that admits women, who
are distinguished by lighter chains attached to their ankles. The
Encruzados carry a bundle of thorned blackberry canes of up to 100
pounds tied onto their shirtless back and arms with a candle in each
hand. The Flagelantes are also bare backed and carry a large wooden
cross, in their arms, in their hands are a rosary and a whip with metal
points. At appointed places, the penitent hands off the cross, kneels
and whips his back. One Maundy Thursday, a scene recreating the Garden
of Gethsemane
is set up at the Santa Prisca church and on Friday, the statue of Jesus
praying is “captured” and “jailed.” On Friday it is “crucified” inside
the church with the penitent brotherhoods looking on. A candlelight
vigil is on Holy Saturday ending late in the night with the announcement
that Christ has risen. Easter Sunday is quiet.
Amuzgo Good Friday procession in Xochistlahuaca.
San Miguel de Allende is noted for its observances of Holy Week, and for two weeks there is at least one procession per day. The focus for much of the pageantry is the “El Señor de la Columna” Christ image, which is brought from the sanctuary of Atotonilco
and paraded among the various churches of the area from the Sunday
before Palm Sunday to the Wednesday after Easter when it returns to
Atotonilco. On Good Friday, this image is carried to the parish church
of San Miguel, accompanied by residents dressed as the disciples and
Roman soldiers. At noon, images of the Holy Family, the disciples, Mary Magdalene and John the Baptist
are also in procession and a passion play is performed. At dark, the
images reappear in procession but dressed in black and accompanied by
measured drumbeats.
During this time , concheros dancers sporadically appear, especially in
the main square of San Miguel. The Burning of Judas occurs on Easter
Sunday, not Holy Saturday.
A number of cities and towns hold Processions of Silence, where
people march on the street holding candles in silence. The custom comes
from the Spanish city of Seville .
The most important of these processions is held in the city of San Luis
Potosí on Good Friday. It begins at 8pm at the Plaza del Carmen, with
actors dressed as Roman troops playing drums and bugle. This guard then
knocks on the door of the Carmen Church. The beginning of the procession
leaves the church, carrying crosses and paschal candles. They are
joined by more as they move onto the streets, dressed in white robes
with cone shaped hoods with symbols denoting what religious group they
belong to. In addition to the robed participants, there are also those
dressed as charros, and Adelitas (women of the Mexican Revolution)
as well as some in indigenous dress. The focal point of the procession
is a large figure of the Virgin of Solitude, the Virgin Mary left alone
after the death of Jesus. It and its platform weigh more than a ton and
are carried on the shoulders of forty men. The procession continues
around the town, punctuated by ritual speeches until midnight, when the
last of the robed figures returns to the Carmen Church.
Statue of a Flagelante penitent in Taxco
In Tzintzuntzan
for most of Holy Week, there are men on horseback, in red hoods and
lavender robes that patrol the area to make sure that stores or
craftsmen are doing business as usual. A central activity are
processions with penitents led by seven large crosses which have been in
the care of seven family for generations. These crosses are then at the
front of the parish church on Good Friday as a passion play is
performed. Local legend says that as recently as the 1970s, in a nearby
village, penitents still had themselves nailed to crosses.
A major pilgrimage site for Holy Week is Chalma, the second most visited pilgrimage site in Mexico after the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe.
The focus of the pilgrimage is a image of a black crucified Christ and
the rites here are a mix of Christian and pre Hispanic influences, such
as bathers dipping into a fresh water spring for purification. Dance is a
central part of the rites, and an Aztec tradition states that newcomers
are obliged to dance for at least one tune.
Other important events for Holy Week include a procession behind a
black faced Christ figure in Patzcuaro, the veneration of a purple-robed
paper mache image of Christ at the San Francisco Church in the historic center of Mexico City and that of the Tarahumara in Chihuahua, who paint themselves white for ritual.
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